Childhood adversity has been repeatedly and robustly linked to physical and mental illness
across the lifespan. Yet, the biological pathways through which this occurs remain unclear …

Background Research on early adversity, stress biology, and child development has grown
exponentially in recent years. Findings We review the current evidence for the hypothalamic …

Children who experience chronic stressors are vulnerable to emotional and physical health
problems across the lifespan. This phenomenon raises questions for scientists and …

Early adversity is a risk factor for poor mental and physical health. Although altered neural
development is believed to be one pathway linking early adversity to psychopathology, it …

Maltreatment and trauma in childhood, termed early-life stress (ELS), has long-term effects
on the immune system. ELS impacts immune signaling at the time of exposure but also …

Exposure to adversity and stress early in development yields vulnerability to mental
illnesses throughout the lifespan. Growing evidence suggests that this vulnerability has …

Adversity in childhood has effects on mental and physical health, not only in childhood but
across the lifespan. A chief task of our research has been to define the pathways by which …

Adverse experiences during childhood can have long-lasting impacts on physical and
mental health. At the heart of most theories of how these effects are transduced into health …

Childhood adversity is associated with a host of mental and physical health problems across
the lifespan. Individuals who have experienced childhood adversity (eg, child abuse and …

A major question in the biology of stress and environmental adaptation concerns the
neurobiological basis of how neuroendocrine systems governing physiological regulatory …