Heart failure is a frequent and life-threatening syndrome which is not only the result of
myocardial injury or hemodynamic overload as commonly perceived, but appears to be the …

Despite the enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), it still remains
a serious syndrome with substantial morbidity, mortality, and frequent hospitalizations …

Heart failure (HF) has proven to be a major burden on the health system. The continuing
prevalence of the condition and its rising associated costs and care, has amplified the need …

Heart failure is a complex disease in which a careful clinical examination and the
measurement of cardiac function may not always be sufficient for making a correct …

The increasing use of cardiac biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of heart failure
(HF) has led to their inclusion in clinical practice guidelines. Studies have demonstrated that …

Biomarkers are becoming increasingly available for clinical use, particularly in the care of
patients with heart failure. For health care providers, a major difficulty is how to interpret and …

Biological markers have served for diagnosis, risk stratification and guided therapy of heart
failure (HF). Our knowledge regarding abilities of biomarkers to relate to several pathways of …

Acute heart failure (AHF) episodes are marked by high rates of morbidity and mortality
during the episode and minimal advancements in its care. Multiple biomarker monitoring is …

Heart failure (HF) biomarkers have dramatically impacted the way HF patients are evaluated
and managed. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are the …

Heart failure is a syndrome with a pathophysiological basis that can be traced to dysfunction
in several interconnected molecular pathways. Identification of biomarkers of heart failure …