Concerns regarding sex differences are increasingly pertinent in scientific and societal
arenas. Although biological sex and socio-cultural gender are increasingly recognized as …

Background: Gender affects the incidence, prevalence, and progression of renal disease. In
animal models of the disease, female sex appears to modify the course of progression …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease worldwide and is associated with high
rates of morbidity and mortality. This review discusses several aspects of the relationship …

It has long been known that the female sex is associated with a better clinical outcome in
chronic renal diseases. Although many experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies …

Epidemiological studies have shown that male sex is an independent risk factor for the
development and progression of renal disease, and men progress to end stage renal …

The role that sex plays in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease
remains a subject of controversy. The lack of clarity in this important area reflects complex …

In nephrology, gender differences exist with regard to the epidemiology, evolution and
prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In some cases, these differences run contrary to …

The protective effect of female gender on the progression of chronic renal disease has only
recently become an area of active investigation (1–4). Interestingly, the attention comes at a …

Observations in experimental animals and in humans have shown that the rate of
progression of renal disease is influenced by gender. Deterioration of renal function in …

The rate of progression of certain renal diseases in animals is greater in men than in
women. In various animal models of renal disease, investigators have concluded that the …