ABSTRACT RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) play important roles in the host defense to
numerous viral pathogens. Since they were discovered, much light has been shed on the …

Vertebrate innate immunity is characterized by an effective immune surveillance apparatus,
evolved to sense foreign structures, such as proteins or nucleic acids of invading microbes …

During virus infection, multiple immune signaling pathways are triggered, both within the
host cell and bystander cells of an infected tissue. These pathways act in concert to mediate …

The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are double-stranded RNA-binding proteins that play a role
in initiating and modulating cell intrinsic immunity through the recognition of RNA features …

Highlights•A balance of phosphorylation and K63-linked ubiquitination regulates RIG-I.•RIG-
I and MAVS functions are modulated by alternative splicing and translation.•Subcellular …

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are crucial for pathogen detection and triggering immune
responses and have immense physiological importance. In this review, we first summarize …

Antiviral immunity is initiated upon host recognition of viral products via non-self molecular
patterns known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Such recognition …

Activation of innate immune signaling pathways through cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLR)
is a crucial response that is antagonized by many viruses. A variety of RNA-related …

Viral and microbial pathogens contain specific motifs or pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by cell surface-and endosome-associated Toll-like …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …