Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including the highly transmissible
Omicron and Delta strains, has posed constant challenges to the current COVID-19 vaccines …

Recent surveillance has revealed the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.
1/B. 1.1. 529) harboring up to 36 mutations in spike protein, the target of neutralizing …

A gradual decay in humoral and cellular immune responses over time upon SAR1S-CoV-2
vaccination may cause a lack of protective immunity. We conducted a longitudinal analysis …

Combining optimized spike (S) protein-encoding mRNA vaccines to target multiple SARS-
CoV-2 variants could improve control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We compare monovalent …

Background With the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that feature
increased transmission and immune escape, there is an urgent demand for a better vaccine …

The recent emergence of the Omicron variant has raised concerns on vaccine efficacy and
the urgent need to study more efficient vaccination strategies. Here we observed that an …

Although mRNA vaccines encoding the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevent COVID-19, the emergence of new viral variants …

With the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019,
strategies can now focus on improving vaccine potency, breadth, and stability. We designed …

Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the spike protein, inactivated severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines should induce a diversified T cell …

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) harbor mutations associated with
increasing transmission and immune escape, hence undermine the effectiveness of current …