What your DRAM power models are not telling you: Lessons from a detailed experimental study
Main memory (DRAM) consumes as much as half of the total system power in a computer
today, due to the increasing demand for memory capacity and bandwidth. There is a …
today, due to the increasing demand for memory capacity and bandwidth. There is a …
Understanding reduced-voltage operation in modern DRAM devices: Experimental characterization, analysis, and mechanisms
The energy consumption of DRAM is a critical concern in modern computing systems.
Improvements in manufacturing process technology have allowed DRAM vendors to lower …
Improvements in manufacturing process technology have allowed DRAM vendors to lower …
A validation of DRAM RAPL power measurements
S Desrochers, C Paradis, VM Weaver - Proceedings of the Second …, 2016 - dl.acm.org
Recent Intel processors support the Running Average Power Level (RAPL) interface, which
among other things provides estimated energy measurements for the CPUs, integrated …
among other things provides estimated energy measurements for the CPUs, integrated …
Understanding latency variation in modern DRAM chips: Experimental characterization, analysis, and optimization
Long DRAM latency is a critical performance bottleneck in current systems. DRAM access
latency is defined by three fundamental operations that take place within the DRAM cell …
latency is defined by three fundamental operations that take place within the DRAM cell …
Rethinking DRAM power modes for energy proportionality
KT Malladi, I Shaeffer, L Gopalakrishnan… - 2012 45th Annual …, 2012 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
We re-think DRAM power modes by modeling and characterizing inter-arrival times for
memory requests to determine the properties an ideal power mode should have. This …
memory requests to determine the properties an ideal power mode should have. This …
Reducing DRAM latency at low cost by exploiting heterogeneity
D Lee - arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.08041, 2016 - arxiv.org
In modern systems, DRAM-based main memory is significantly slower than the processor.
Consequently, processors spend a long time waiting to access data from main memory …
Consequently, processors spend a long time waiting to access data from main memory …
Understanding the energy consumption of dynamic random access memories
T Vogelsang - 2010 43rd Annual IEEE/ACM International …, 2010 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Energy consumption has become a major constraint on the capabilities of computer
systems. In large systems the energy consumed by Dynamic Random Access Memories …
systems. In large systems the energy consumed by Dynamic Random Access Memories …
Improving energy efficiency by making DRAM less randomly accessed
Existing techniques manage power for the main memory by passively monitoring the
memory traffic, and based on which, predict when to power down and into which low-power …
memory traffic, and based on which, predict when to power down and into which low-power …
Refresh now and then
DRAM stores information in electric charge. Because DRAM cells lose stored charge over
time due to leakage, they have to be “refreshed” in a periodic manner to retain the stored …
time due to leakage, they have to be “refreshed” in a periodic manner to retain the stored …
Hardware and software techniques for controlling dram power modes
V Delaluz, M Kandemir, N Vijaykrishnan… - IEEE Transactions …, 2001 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
The anticipated explosive growth of pervasive and mobile computing devices that are
typically constrained by energy has brought hardware and software techniques for energy …
typically constrained by energy has brought hardware and software techniques for energy …