Through evolution, oxygen, itself a free radical, was chosen as the terminal electron
acceptor for respiration. The two unpaired electrons of oxygen spin in the same direction; …

Abstract “Oxidative stress” as a concept in redox biology and medicine has been formulated
in 1985; at the beginning of 2015, approx. 138,000 PubMed entries show for this term. This …

Oxidative stress is one of the major symptoms accompanying physiological functions and
numerous diseases. Oxidants and free radicals are connected with diseases such as …

Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more
unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity …

The term “antioxidant” is one of the most confusing definitions in biological/medical
sciences. In chemistry,“antioxidant” is simply conceived “a compound that removes reactive …

Reactive species are compounds related to two types of molecules, the reactive oxygen
species and the reactive nitrogen species. These compounds are produced in the normal …

The oxidative stress: concept and experimental interest to understand diseases mechanisms
and therapeutic approaches Free radicals and their precursors are members of a reactive …

Free radicals and related species have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years.
They are mainly derived from oxygen (reactive oxygen species/ROS) and nitrogen (reactive …

Free radical generation occurs continuously within cells as a consequence of common
metabolic processes. However, in high concentrations, whether from endogenous or …

Oxidative stress is a phenomenon associated with the pathology of several diseases
including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's …