To gain a better understanding of the movement of head and cervical spine experiments
were performed on Post Mortal Test Objects (PMTO's) and volunteers. All experiments were …

Study Design. Human volunteers were subjected to a rear-end impact while sitting on a
standard automobile seat, and sagittal plane kinematic responses were quantified. The …

Study Design. This study used rigid-body and finite-element models of forces in the cervical
spine resulting from a rear-end motor vehicle impact based on data from 26 volunteer …

This paper discusses the results of simulated head-on and rear-front vehicle crashes
employing 53 human torsos. Measurements of deceleration of the head were taken, and the …

The properties of seat with head restraint are important parameters for the optimum design
of the seat system performance during rear-end impacts. The aim of this study is to verify the …

The intention of this study was to compare the head-neck kinematics between a Hybrid III
dummy equipped with a standard neck, a Hybrid III dummy equipped with a RID neck …

The objective of this research has been to develop a biofidelic crash-test dummy to facilitate
design of seat systems with enhanced occupant protection in rear-end collisions. These …

The purpose of this study is to clarify the neck injury mechanism during low speed rear
impact. Low speed rear impact tests on human volunteers were conducted using a mini-sled …

Car-rear-impact-induced cervical spine injuries present a serious burden on society and, in
response, seats offering enhanced protection have been introduced. Seats are evaluated for …

Neck injuries resulting from rear-end collisions rank among the top safety problems and
have serious implications for society. In an attempt to minimize the severity of neck injuries in …