Background Testosterone levels are linked with diverse characteristics of human health, yet,
whether these associations reflect correlation or causation remains debated. Here, we …

Testosterone supplementation is commonly used for its effects on sexual function, bone
health and body composition, yet its effects on disease outcomes are unknown. To better …

The genetic architecture of testosterone is highly distinct between sexes. Moreover, obesity
is associated with higher testosterone in females but lower testosterone in males. Here, we …

Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an
increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients …

Testosterone concentrations in men are associated with cardiovascular morbidity,
osteoporosis, and mortality and are affected by age, smoking, and obesity. Because of …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Testosterone products are increasingly being prescribed to
males for a variety of possible health benefits but the causal relationship between …

Background Previous studies have suggested associations between testosterone, genetic
factors, and a series of complex diseases, but the associations with the lifespan phenotype …

Men with more advantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) have been observed to have
higher levels of testosterone. It is unclear whether these associations arise because …

Background Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone and oestradiol have been
associated with many diseases in observational studies; however, the causality of …

Sex differences have been shown in laboratory biomarkers; however, the extent to which
this is due to genetics is unknown. In this study, we infer sex-specific genetic parameters …