Many studies have reported associations between testosterone levels and the risk of several
diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, whether these associations are …

Background Testosterone supplementation has been linked to increased cardiovascular
disease risk in some observational studies. The causal role of testosterone can be …

Context Obesity in men is associated with low serum testosterone and both are associated
with several diseases and increased mortality. Objectives Examine the direction and …

Objective Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted important roles for sex
hormones in the regulation of fat distribution and systemic metabolism. We investigated the …

Testosterone has historically been linked to sexual dysfunction; however, it has recently
been shown to affect other physical and mental attributes. We attempted to determine …

Background Testosterone plays a key role in women, but the associations of serum
testosterone level with gynecological disorders risk are inconclusive in observational …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has an apparent sex disparity, with a more rapid
progress in men than in women. Whether the well-established sex-specific evolutionary …

Lower testosterone levels in men are observationally associated with worse health, but it is
unclear whether they contribute to well-established social gradients in health. Mendelian …

Background Observationally lower testosterone is associated with an unhealthier
cardiovascular (CVD) risk profile, but this association is open to confounding and reverse …

Context Birthweight, childhood, and adult BMI have been indicated associated with the
testosterone levels, but the current studies are plagued by significant heterogeneity, and a …