Females are twice as likely to experience PTSD as compared to males. Although sex
differences in prevalence are well-established, little is known about why such sex …

Background: Various factors modulate circulating testosterone in men, affecting
interpretation of testosterone measurements. Purpose: To clarify factors associated with …

Objective Concentrations of circulating sex hormones have been associated with a variety of
diseases in women and are strongly influenced by menopausal status. We investigated the …

Most studies reporting on the association of circulating testosterone levels with type 2
diabetes in men are of cross-sectional design. Reports on the relevance of altered …

Sexually selected traits are hypothesized to be honest signals of individual quality due to the
costs associated with their maintenance, development, and/or production. Testosterone, a …

Sex difference (SD) is ubiquitous in humans despite shared genetic architecture (SGA)
between the sexes. A univariate approach, ie, studying SD in single traits by estimating …

Common diseases often show sex differences in prevalence, onset, symptomology,
treatment, or prognosis. Although studies have been performed to evaluate sex differences …

Low testosterone levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease;
however, most previous studies assessed the relationship of testosterone levels with a …

Background Benign prostatic diseases (BPDs), such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)
and prostatitis, harm the quality of life of affected patients. However, observational studies …

Background Despite observational evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies
associating sex hormones with various cardiometabolic risk factors or diseases …