Camouflage is one of the most widespread antipredator strategies in the animal kingdom,
yet no animal can match its background perfectly in a complex environment. Therefore …

Evading detection by predators is crucial for survival. Camouflage is therefore a widespread
adaptation, but despite substantial research effort our understanding of different camouflage …

Animal camouflage is a longstanding example of adaptation. Much research has tested how
camouflage prevents detection and recognition, largely focusing on changes to an animal's …

Shadows that are produced across the surface of an object (self-shadows) are potentially an
important source of information for visual systems. Animal patterns may exploit this principle …

Camouflage is a widespread strategy to avoid predation and is of particular importance for
animals with reduced mobility or those in exposed habitats. Camouflage often relies on …

Camouflage is widespread throughout the animal kingdom allowing individuals to avoid
detection and hence save time and energy rather than escape from an approaching …

Wintering birds may conserve body heat by adopting postures with minimal leg exposure or
significant ptiloerection. However, maximally heat-conserving postures may hinder a bird's …

Camouflage is one of the most widespread antipredator defences, and its mechanistic basis
has attracted considerable interest in recent years. The effectiveness of camouflage …

Animals achieve camouflage through a variety of mechanisms, of which background
matching and disruptive coloration are likely the most common. Although many studies have …

Several antipredator strategies are related to prey colouration. Some colour patterns can
create visual illusions during movement (such as motion dazzle), making it difficult for a …