[HTML][HTML] Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes

DE Leisman, L Ronner, R Pinotti, MD Taylor… - The Lancet …, 2020 - thelancet.com
The description of a so-called cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 has prompted
consideration of anti-cytokine therapies, particularly interleukin-6 antagonists. However …

[HTML][HTML] Characterization of the cytokine storm reflects hyperinflammatory endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19

JT Sims, V Krishnan, CY Chang, SM Engle… - Journal of Allergy and …, 2021 - Elsevier
Background Physicians treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
increasingly believe that the hyperinflammatory acute stage of COVID-19 results in a …

[HTML][HTML] COVID-19: Unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis

E Maggi, GW Canonica, L Moretta - Journal of Allergy and Clinical …, 2020 - Elsevier
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has rapidly increased in pandemic scale since it first
appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In these troubled days the scientific …

Is severe COVID-19 a cytokine storm syndrome: a hyperinflammatory debate

P Mehta, DC Fajgenbaum - Current opinion in Rheumatology, 2021 - journals.lww.com
Hyperinflammation is a key component of severe COVID-19, residing underneath the
cytokine storm umbrella term, associated with poor outcomes. Better understanding of the …

[HTML][HTML] COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics

L Yang, S Liu, J Liu, Z Zhang, X Wan… - Signal transduction and …, 2020 - nature.com
The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected …

[HTML][HTML] Cytokine storm in COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and therapy

C Zanza, T Romenskaya, AC Manetti, F Franceschi… - Medicina, 2022 - mdpi.com
A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

[HTML][HTML] Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): cytokine storms, hyper-inflammatory phenotypes, and acute respiratory distress syndrome

S Lin, Y Zhao, D Zhou, F Zhou, F Xu - Genes & Diseases, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in China at the end of
2019. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the most common and serious …

[HTML][HTML] Immunopathology of Hyperinflammation in COVID-19

JN Gustine, D Jones - The American journal of pathology, 2021 - Elsevier
The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in an unprecedented …

[HTML][HTML] The dynamic changes in cytokine responses in COVID-19: a snapshot of the current state of knowledge

M Buszko, JH Park, D Verthelyi, R Sen, HA Young… - Nature …, 2020 - nature.com
“The role of cytokines in COVID-19” online symposium was presented on 18 June 2020 by
the NIH/FDA Immunology and Cytokine Interest Groups and was purposed to discuss our …

Immunopathology and immunotherapeutic strategies in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection

S Keam, D Megawati, SK Patel, R Tiwari… - Reviews in Medical …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and pandemic, caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has become a major concern …