The recent US experience with the various types of university-industry research
relationships is reviewed: the reasons they have increased, the evidence on their …

In the context of entrepreneurial ecosystems the transformation of inventions to innovations
is a crucial measure of success. Yet, the exploitation of inventions stemming from academic …

We establish the importance of team-specific capital in the typical inventor's career. Using
administrative tax and patent data for the population of US patent inventors from 1996 to …

Why did independent inventors account for over half of US patents by 1930 and more than
three times the number granted to R&D firms? Using new data on patents and historical …

Well-functioning markets for technology (MFT) allow inventors to sell their inventions to
others that may derive more value from them. We argue that the growing use of science in …

A large body of work argues that scientific research increases the rate of technological
advance, and with it economic growth. The precise mechanism through which science …