Background Oestrogen is an established growth factor in breast cancer. There has,
therefore, been much discussion about whether women should be advised against …

Factors that increase the risk of cancer during adult life may also increase the risk of cancer
when they act in utero (eg, ionising radiation and diethylstilboestrol in human beings and …

Background. Estrogen is an established growth factor in breast cancer and it has been
hypothesized that pregnancy associated estrogens may increase the risk of recurrence of …

The longer a woman is exposed to cycling reproductive hormones the higher her risk of
breast cancer. If she has an early menarche or a late menopause, or both, her risk of breast …

Summary Background The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer has
brought together and reanalysed the worldwide epidemiological evidence on the relation …

The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer has brought together the
worldwide evidence on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the incidence of invasive …

Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Rates vary
about five-fold around the world, but they are increasing in regions that until recently had low …

Intrauterine exposure to high concentrations of endogenous pregnancy oestrogens may be
important in the aetiology of breast cancer. In a nested case-control study we have assessed …

Breast cancer in women under 30 years old carries a poor prognosis, for reasons that have
not been identified. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors in this age group. Special …

1 Peto R, Boreham J, Clarke M, Davies C, Beral V. UK and USA breast cancer deaths down
25% in year 2000 at ages 20–69 years. Lancet 2000; 355: 1822. 2 Veronesi U …