The approval of new heart failure (HF) therapies has slowed over the past two decades in
part due to the high costs of conducting large randomized clinical trials that are needed to …

Heart failure is a syndrome with a pathophysiological basis that can be traced to dysfunction
in several interconnected molecular pathways. Identification of biomarkers of heart failure …

The proliferation of cardiac‐related biomarkers and advocacy for their use has often come
without adequate discussion of limitations in the interpretation of values and their best use in …

The role of circulating biomarkers in heart failure clinical trials has evolved in recent
decades. Increasing evidence behind the use of natriuretic peptides, emergence of novel …

Biomarker testing in patients with heart failure (HF) is rapidly expanding. With high-quality
research indicating its diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, biomarkers are excellent …

Biological markers have served for diagnosis, risk stratification and guided therapy of heart
failure (HF). Our knowledge regarding abilities of biomarkers to relate to several pathways of …

The increasing use of cardiac biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of heart failure
(HF) has led to their inclusion in clinical practice guidelines. Studies have demonstrated that …

Understanding of chronic heart failure (HF) has progressed from the concept of a purely
hemodynamic disorder to that of a syndrome that results from dysfunction in interconnected …

The complexity of standard medical treatment for heart failure is growing, and such therapy
typically involves 5 or more different medications. Given these pressures, there is increasing …

Heart failure is a frequent and life-threatening syndrome which is not only the result of
myocardial injury or hemodynamic overload as commonly perceived, but appears to be the …