OGC CityGML is an open standard for 3D city models intended to foster interoperability and
support various applications. However, through our practical experience and discussions …

The integration of 3D city models with Building Information Models (BIM), coined as GeoBIM,
facilitates improved data support to several applications, eg, 3D map updates, building …

Standardised data formats and data models are essential for data integration and
interoperability, which in turn adds value to data by allowing its reuse in multiple contexts …

Differences in the scope and intent of the contrasting IFC and CityGML data formats entail
that converting the former to the latter results in loss of information. However, for some use …

CityGML is the most important international standard used to model cities and landscapes in
3D with extensive semantics. Compared to BIM standards such as IFC, CityGML models are …

The trend of increased usage of both BIM and 3D GIS and the similarity between the two has
led to an increase in the overlap between them. A key application of such overlap is …

ABSTRACT 3D geoinformation has become a base for an increasing number of today's
applications. Examples of these applications are: city and urban planning, real estate …

Abstract Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), the buildingSMART open standard for BIM, is
underused with respect to its promising potential, since, according to the experience of …

CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in the
integration of building information modeling (BIM) and the geographic information system …

3D city models integrate heterogeneous urban data from multiple sources in a unified
geospatial representation, combining both semantics and geometry. Although in past …