The female athlete triad (T riad), links low energy availability (EA), with menstrual
dysfunction (MD), and impaired bone health. The aims of this study were to examine …

Introduction The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a syndrome describing three interrelated
conditions: low energy availability (LEA), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral …

Research on the health of female athletes has developed substantially over the past 50
years. This review aims to provide an overview of this research and identify directions for …

The term Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport was introduced by the International Olympic
Committee in 2014. It refers to the potential health and performance consequences of …

Decades of laboratory research have shown impairments to several body systems after only
4–5 days of strictly controlled consistent low energy availability (LEA); where energy …

We aimed to estimate and compare within‐day energy balance (WDEB) in athletes with
eumenorrhea and menstrual dysfunction (MD) with similar 24‐hour energy …

Results: In assessing the current literature, we have synthesized: i) the scientific implications
of LEA and RED-S, ii) the clinical manifestations of the conditions currently available for …

Objective: To determine the prevalence of the female athlete triad (low energy availability,
menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density) in high school varsity athletes in a …

ABSTRACT GIBBS, JC, NI WILLIAMS, and MJ DE SOUZA. Prevalence of Individual and
Combined Components of the Female Athlete Triad. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 45, No. 5 …

We aimed to (a) report energy availability (EA), metabolic/reproductive function, bone
mineral density, and injury/illness rates in national/world-class female and male distance …