Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1960s and are named due to their crown-like
shape. Sometimes, but not often, a coronavirus can infect both animals and humans. An …

The pathogenesis of pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely depends heavily on …

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in
cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians …

The hyper-inflammatory response is thought to be a major cause of acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19. Although multiple cytokines are …

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic or mild …

Background Cytokine storm is a marker of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness
severity and increased mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments have been repurposed to …

COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of the hyperinflammatory …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) erupted in Hubei Province of China in December …

We pursued a study of immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and
influenza patients. Compared to patients with influenza, patients with COVID-19 exhibited …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis.
In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive …