Interleukin-6, CXCL10 and infiltrating macrophages in COVID-19-related cytokine storm: not one for all but all for one!

F Coperchini, L Chiovato, M Rotondi - Frontiers in immunology, 2021 - frontiersin.org
SARS-COV-2 virus is responsible for the ongoing devastating pandemic. Since the early
phase of the pandemic, the “cytokine-storm” appeared a peculiar aspect of SARS-COV-2 …

Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes

DE Leisman, L Ronner, R Pinotti, MD Taylor… - The Lancet …, 2020 - thelancet.com
The description of a so-called cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 has prompted
consideration of anti-cytokine therapies, particularly interleukin-6 antagonists. However …

Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2

M Catanzaro, F Fagiani, M Racchi, E Corsini… - Signal transduction and …, 2020 - nature.com
To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19
and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast …

Pyroptotic macrophages stimulate the SARS-CoV-2-associated cytokine storm

J Zhang, H Wu, XH Yao, D Zhang, Y Zhou… - Cellular & molecular …, 2021 - nature.com
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented pandemic caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 22 February 2021, the …

COVID-19: Pathogenesis, cytokine storm and therapeutic potential of interferons

SH Nile, A Nile, J Qiu, L Li, X Jia, G Kai - Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2020 - Elsevier
The outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)
responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into an …

The dysregulated innate immune response in severe COVID-19 pneumonia that could drive poorer outcome

M Blot, JB Bour, JP Quenot, A Bourredjem… - Journal of translational …, 2020 - Springer
Background Although immune modulation is a promising therapeutic avenue in coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), the most relevant targets remain to be found. COVID-19 has …

Monocytes and Macrophages in COVID-19

R Knoll, JL Schultze, J Schulte-Schrepping - Frontiers in immunology, 2021 - frontiersin.org
COVID-19 is a contagious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that led to an ongoing
pandemic with massive global health and socioeconomic consequences. The disease is …

The interplay between inflammatory pathways and COVID-19: A critical review on pathogenesis and therapeutic options

S Choudhary, K Sharma, O Silakari - Microbial pathogenesis, 2021 - Elsevier
Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as the deadliest outbreak that has
now become a serious health issue to mankind. Activation of inflammatory signaling …

The triumvirate of NF-κB, inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19

A Attiq, LJ Yao, S Afzal, MA Khan - International immunopharmacology, 2021 - Elsevier
Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has once again reminded us of the
significance of host immune response and consequential havocs of the immune …

Discrimination of COVID‐19 from inflammation‐induced cytokine storm syndromes using disease‐related blood biomarkers

C Kessel, R Vollenberg… - Arthritis & …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Objective Infection with the novel coronavirus SARS–CoV‐2 triggers severe illness with high
mortality in a subgroup of patients. Such a critical course of COVID‐19 is thought to be …