Whereas outdoor navigation systems typically rely upon global positioning system (GPS),
indoor systems have to rely upon different techniques for localizing the user, as GPS signals …

Recent development in indoor navigation systems and related studies imply that these
applications will become common in the future. A variety of solutions utilizing different …

Navigation systems help users access unfamiliar environments. Current technological
advancements enable users to encapsulate these systems in handheld devices, which …

Outdoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services have become indispensable in
people's mobility in unfamiliar environments. Advances in key technologies (eg, positioning …

In the age of automation the ability to navigate persons and devices in indoor environments
has become increasingly important for a rising number of applications. With the emergence …

With the gradual maturating of ubiquitous computing and the rapid advances in mobile
devices and wireless communication, indoor Location Based Services have gained …

In light of the many improvements within 3D urban modeling and Location‐Based Services,
this article provides a timely review of the state‐of‐the‐art on integrating indoor and outdoor …

Navigation systems have been widely used in outdoor environments, but indoor navigation
systems are still in early development stages. In this paper, we introduced an augmented …

This paper reviews the state of the art and future trends of indoor Positioning, Localization,
and Navigation (PLAN). It covers the requirements, the main players, sensors, and …

Abstract Indoor Location Based Services (LBS), such as indoor navigation and tracking, still
have to deal with both technical and non-technical challenges. For this reason, they have …