Methods Throughout each population's flowering period in 1988 I matched pairs of
individual plants for flower number, date of first flower, and density of surrounding flowers …

Plants from three Lobelia cardinalis populations were grown under common garden
conditions to assess intra‐and interplant variation in seed and pollen production. Seed …

To examine the breeding system and components of male and female reproductive success
in the hermaphroditic plant Lobelia cardinalis, we performed three crossing experiments …

Using the long‐styled, self‐compatible species Lobelia cardinalis, I examined the relative
abilities of self pollen and two outcross pollen sources to fertilize ovules when these three …

Flowering and fruiting phenologies of individual plants and flowers of Lobelia inflata, a North
American summer annual, were studied in the field and greenhouse to determine whether …

The breeding system, flowering display, and fruiting pattern of Calochortus leichtlinii
Hook.(Liliaceae) was studied in the eastern Sierra Nevada. This species is capable of both …

The flowering season of Polemonium foliosissimum Gray (Polemoniaceae) can be divided
into two distinct periods. In the first, the bee: flower ratio is relatively high and large numbers …

Staminate duration in Lobelia cardinalis is significantly affected by the amount and
frequency of pollen removal from the anther tube. Repeated pollen removal shortens the …

Inbreeding depression, or the decreased fitness of progeny derived from self‐fertilization as
compared to outcrossing, is thought to be the most general factor affecting the evolution of …

We studied the reproductive ecology of Clintonia borealis, a clonal understory species, in
eastern Ontario. Flowers are protogynous and require insect pollination for outcrossing and …