Ideological congruence between voters and governments is desirable, the wisdom goes,
because it implies enactment of policies close to those preferred by voters. Party polarization …

The impact of party polarization on voter satisfaction is disputed. While a direct negative
effect is expected, polarization has also been found to clarify party policies, with indirect …

The ideological congruence between the median citizen and the government is shaped by
various institutional features, especially the party system. The polarization of the party …

Considerable evidence has been generated to establish that “ideological congruence,” that
is, a close matching of government policy positions with median left‐right voter opinion …

The mass-elite congruence in politics is key to a healthy democracy. Existing research uses
the match between citizens' ideological positions and those of political elites and parties to …

The measurement of policy congruence between voters and representatives is one of the
main areas of the empirical study of political representation. Ever since Miller and …

Political representation is at the core of liberal democracy. In modern society major agents of
representation are political parties. The responsible party model describes the dominant …

Although some political pundits have expressed concern that political polarization has a
deleterious effect on voter behavior, others have argued that polarization may actually …

This article focuses on whether styles of representation influence policy congruence. Style of
representation is defined at the party level as the proportion of representatives within parties …

What populism and polarization have in common is that their relationship with democracy is
an ambiguous one. Studies have found that certain degrees of polarization can be helpful …