Cardiac biomarkers are very important in diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of
patients with heart failure. Although not meeting all criteria for an ideal biomarker, natriuretic …

A profusion of circulating candidate biomarkers in heart failure is currently being
investigated. Although all will advance our insight into the pathophysiology of heart failure …

Heart failure is a complex disease in which a careful clinical examination and the
measurement of cardiac function may not always be sufficient for making a correct …

The role of biomarkers is increasingly recognized in heart failure (HF) management, for
diagnosis, prognostication, and screening of high-risk patients. Beyond natriuretic peptides …

Heart failure is a prevalent and costly disease, and its management with polypharmacy is
complex. Commonly available biomarkers primarily help to 1) establish or refute the …

Biomarkers play an important role in heart failure, but there remain unanswered questions
regarding optimization of their use. They should be used as an adjunct to, not replacement …

The management of heart failure patients (diagnosis, treatment monitoring, assessment of
prognosis) crucially depends on the accuracy of the tools used for patient evaluation. While …

The spectrum of heart failure biomarkers and their potential clinical applications continues to
grow. Ongoing research on multimarker strategies will likely identify biomarker combinations …

Heart failure is a clinical condition with complex pathophysiology that involves many
different processes. Diagnosis is often difficult in patients presenting for the first time with …

The pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, and the list of biomarkers representing
distinct pathophysiologic pathways is growing rapidly. Other articles in this issue of the Heart …