The arbitral award of 26 June 2003 in the Loewen case² is not a" leading case" in the sense
of an enunciation of principles that either need to be, or in some respects should be …

The creation of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, under the
auspices of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), is the …

The international law of foreign investment protection has, throughout the last century of its
development, been concerned with the search for the most appropriate rules and the best …

The interrelation between European law and investment treaties is becoming ever more
important. Recently, international arbitral tribunals had to consider questions such as the …

Economic disputes are frequent sources of international conflicts. Where interests of foreign
investors are involved, the traditional method for settlement is the exercise of diplomatic …

The coherence and consistency of the case law in international investment arbitration has
become a matter of concern. Apart from the odd instances of conflicting decisions …

Signs of inadequacy and crisis in general international law as to the economic ownership
interests of aliens have been numerous since World War II. The pages of the J ournal have …

My simple thesis, which I hope that this sophisticated audience will not find simplistic, is this:
Customary international law governing the treatment of foreign investment has been …

International investment law is one of the fastest growing areas of international law. It has
led to the signing of thousands of agreements, mostly in the form of investment contracts and …

THAT THREE important decisions in the field of investment treaty arbitration were handed
down in a single summer month really does illustrate how much has changed since the bad …