Old age income support will be one of the biggest social and economic challenges facing
Asia in the twenty-first century. The growing spotlight on old age income support is largely …

SUMMARY A fragmented and segmented social protection system can create barriers for
labour migration and be socially divisive. A review of the literature on Europe's integration of …

This chapter presents a proposal for a new reform of the Chinese pension system that is
based on individual accounts (introduced in 1997) and incorporates a hybrid design …

This study challenges the economic explanation of pension reform, by comparing the
contrasting pension reform processes of the Kim Young Sam and the Kim Dae Jung …

As suggested in the introductory chapter, Japan can be classified as a member of the
Bismarckian Lite category of pension systems, together with Canada and the United States …

Chile started in 1924 a mandatory pension system organized around private and state-
managed social-security institutions (SSIs) for particular groups of workers. 1 Originally …

While being proud of its civilization as one of the world's oldest, China, though relatively
youthful at present, is getting older rapidly and massively. Strict family planning practice has …

This article discusses the trajectories of pension system reforms in two of the latecomers to
the EU: Bulgaria and Romania. It finds that over the past two decades, the two countries …

In the past two decades, Latin American countries reformed their pension systems focusing
mainly on addressing the weaknesses of the contributory schemes—fiscal unsustainability …

China has undergone market transition like the countries of central Europe, but under
continued one-party rule rather than democratic politics. What have been the consequences …