The risk for neuropsychiatric illnesses has a strong sex bias, and for major depressive
disorder (MDD), females show a more than 2-fold greater risk compared to males. Such …

Epidemiological studies consistently show that anxiety and mood disorders are two to three
times more prevalent in women than in men, and women are more likely than men to …

Although few studies dispute that there are gender differences in depression, the etiology is
still unknown. In this review, we cover a number of proposed factors and the evidences for …

Stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression are disproportionately prevalent in
women. Women are more likely to experience depression and anxiety disorders during …

In this chapter, the authors review the literature on the role of the stress-responsive
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of depression. They …

Estradiol and testosterone are powerful steroid hormones that impact brain function in
numerous ways. During development, these hormones can act to program the adult brain in …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in the neuroendocrine
response to stress and in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. However, stress that is …

The phenomenon of higher rates of affective disorders in women illustrates many of the
difficulties as well as promises of translating preclinical models to human disorders …

Objective. To summarize current concepts on neuroendocrine and genetic principles
underlying stress-related depression and to discuss the challenges of personalized …

Pronounced gender-related differences are observable in the regulation of the limbic-
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) activity under basal and stress-related conditions …