The formalin test produces 2 well-known acute phases of nociceptive behavior. Recently, we
have shown that this same formalin test produces a third phase of nociceptive behavior …

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been implicated in normal and pathological functions
such as cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recently, some studies have shown …

To determine whether initial nociceptive inputs caused by subcutaneous injection of formalin
into the hindpaw are necessary and/or sufficient for allodynic behavior and microglial …

The pharmacological attenuation of glial activation represents a novel approach for
controlling neuropathic pain, but the role of microglial and astroglial cells is not well …

Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that spinal microglia modulate the development
and maintenance of some chronic pain states. Here we examined the role of spinal …

Subcutaneous (sc) injection of formalin induces a rapid and prolonged hyperalgesia across
widespread areas of the body. This hyperalgesic state involves a brain-to-spinal cord …

Background Microglia might play an important role in nociceptive processing and
hyperalgesia by neuroinflammatory process. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expressed on …

Peripheral nerve injury causes neuropathic pain accompanied by remarkable microgliosis in
the spinal cord dorsal horn. However, it is still debated whether infiltrated monocytes …

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 1%, 2% or 5% formalin injection
produce hypersensitivity with characteristics of the neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve …

Microglia are highly dynamic immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglial
processes interact with neuronal elements constantly on the order of minutes. The functional …