CD4+ T cells reactive against SARS-CoV-2 can be found in unexposed individuals, and
these are suggested to arise in response to common cold coronavirus (CCCoV) infection …

BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported T cell immunity to the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in unexposed donors, possibly due to …

Understanding adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important for vaccine development,
interpreting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, and calibration of …

The inability of patients with CVID to mount specific antibody responses to pathogens has
raised concerns on the risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there might be a role …

Class II tetramer reagents for eleven common DR alleles and a DP allele prevalent in the
world population were used to identify SARS-CoV-2 CD4+ T cell epitopes. A total of 112, 28 …

The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-
CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomic analysis of> …

The molecular properties of CD8+ T cells that respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully
known. Here, we report on the single-cell transcriptomes of> 80,000 virus-reactive CD8+ T …

In addition to CD4+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies, CD8+ T cells contribute to protective
immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Emerging data indicate that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells targeting different viral
proteins are detectable in up to 70% of convalescent individuals,,,–. However, very little …

Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the role of T cell immunity in acute
and convalescent COVID-19 infection. Here, we shed light on the “known unknowns” of …