Innate immunity forms a protective line of defense in the early stages of pulmonary infection.
The primary cellular players of the innate immunity against respiratory infections are alveolar …

Background Despite decades of extensive studies, the morbidity and mortality for acute lung
injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) remained high. Particularly …

Innate immunity is the first defense line of the host against various infectious pathogens,
environmental insults, and other stimuli causing cell damages. Upon stimulation, pattern …

Sepsis is a common critical clinical disease with high mortality that can cause approximately
10 million deaths worldwide each year. Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress …

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common acute
and severe cases of the respiratory system with complicated pathogenesis and high …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent a diverse family of cells of
the innate immune system, which play an important role in regulation of tissue homeostasis …

Indirect acute lung injury (ALI, not caused by a direct insult to the lung) represents the first
organ dysfunction in trauma patients, with nonpulmonary sepsis being the most common …

Introduction Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by hypoxemia and
increased lung permeability and would result in acute respiratory failure and with high …

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of severe hypoxemic respiratory
failure that is characterized by inflammatory injury to the alveolar capillary barrier, with …

The lung mucosa functions as a principal barrier between the body and inhaled
environmental irritants and pathogens. Precise and targeted surveillance mechanisms are …