Biological systems with the capabilities of multi-stimuli response and delicate structural
changes have inspired the design of soft actuators and robots by either creating anisotropic …

Untethered small actuators have various applications in multiple fields. However, existing
small-scale actuators are very limited in their intractability with their surroundings, respond to …

Graphene-based actuators featuring fast and reversible deformation under various external
stimuli are promising for soft robotics. However, these bimorph actuators are incapable of …

Over the past few years, researchers have focused on stimulus-responsive soft materials
and their applications in the design of soft actuators. The key factor of the soft actuators to …

Designing artificial muscle actuators with diversely complex deformation and multifunction is
crucial to the soft robots and their bioinspired applications. Herein, by combing the …

Graphene oxide (GO) with tunable physical/chemical properties is a versatile material for
smart bimorph actuators. Using GO or its derivatives (eg, reduced GO, RGO) as an active …

Untethered soft robots have attracted growing attention due to their safe interaction with
living organisms, good flexibility, and accurate remote control. However, the materials …

Soft actuators based on smart materials can utilize external stimuli, especially clean energy
sources such as light and humidity in nature, to achieve controllable actuation and …

Carbon-based electrothermal or photothermal actuators have attracted intense attention
recently. They can directly convert electrical or light energy into thermal energy and exhibit …

In recent years, graphene oxide (GO)-based multi-responsive actuators have attracted great
interest due to their board application in soft robots, artificial muscles, and intelligent …