Navigation is usually thought of relative to landmarks, but neural signals representing space
also use information generated by an animal's movements. These signals include grid cells …

Navigation depends on multiple neural systems that encode the moment-to-moment
changes in an animal's direction and location in space. These include head direction (HD) …

Single hippocampal cells encode the spatial position of an animal by increasing their firing
rates within “place fields,” and by shifting the phase of their spikes to earlier phases of the …

Grid cells and theta oscillations are fundamental components of the brain's navigation
system. Grid cells provide animals [1, 2] and humans [3, 4] with a spatial map of the …

High-level cortical systems for spatial navigation, including entorhinal grid cells, critically
depend on input from the head direction system. We examined spiking rhythms and modes …

Since their discovery, the strikingly regular and spatially stable firing of entorhinal grid cells
has attracted the attention of experimentalists and theoreticians alike. The bulk of this work …

In the hippocampus, spatial representation of the environment has been suggested to be
coded by either the firing rate of pyramidal cell assemblies or the relative timing of the action …

Neuronal firing in the hippocampal formation (HF) of freely moving rodents shows striking
examples of spatialorganization in the form of place, directional, boundary vector and grid …

Hippocampal place cells in freely moving rodents display both theta phase precession and
procession, which is thought to play important roles in cognition, but the neural mechanism …

The hippocampus comprises two neural signals—place cells and θ oscillations—that
contribute to facets of spatial navigation. Although their complementary relationship has …