This study investigates how national institutions influence innovation in a science-based
industry. The context is the biotechnology industry in the United States and France, two …

The biotechnology industry is a striking example of the disconnect between the location of
knowledge creation and its commercial development. I argue that national technological …

The spatial clustering of innovation has been associated with localized knowledge flows
among small, knowledge-intensive firms, but knowledge flows may extend beyond regional …

This paper examines how institutional, locational and individual characteristics of university
scientists influence patent inventions. The paper illustrates why and how some scientists …

Using patent citation data for the US, we test whether knowledge spillovers in biotechnology
are sensitive to distance. Controlling for self-citation by inventor, assignee and examiner …

This article investigates the role of labor mobility and geographical proximity in the
knowledge diffusion process in the US biopharmaceutical industry. The application of social …

We extend debates about the sources of university capabilities at research
commercialization. Drawing upon quantitative data for a panel of 89 research-intensive US …

We draw on diverse data sets to compare the institutional organization of upstream life
science research across the United States and Europe. Understanding cross-national …

The literature on innovation and interactive learning has tended to emphasize the
importance of local networks, inter‐firm collaboration and knowledge flows as the principal …

Using detailed data on California biotechnology, we find that the positive impact of research
universities on nearby firms relates to identifiable market exchange between particular …