Background Microglia might play an important role in nociceptive processing and
hyperalgesia by neuroinflammatory process. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expressed on …

Objectives To assess the protective effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)
agonist morroniside against neuropathic pain and its downstream mechanisms of activating …

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been implicated in normal and pathological functions
such as cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recently, some studies have shown …

The formalin test produces 2 well-known acute phases of nociceptive behavior. Recently, we
have shown that this same formalin test produces a third phase of nociceptive behavior …

Management of chronic pain, such as nerve-injury-induced neuropathic pain associated
with diabetic neuropathy, viral infection, and cancer, is a real clinical challenge. Major …

Background: Local anesthetics alleviate neuropathic pain in some cases in clinical practice,
and exhibit longer durations of action than those predicted on the basis of the …

Background Lumbar disc herniation is a major cause of radicular pain, but the underlying
mechanisms remain largely unknown. Spinal activation of src-family kinases are involved in …

Background Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of radicular pain, but the
mechanism is not clear. In this study, we investigated the engagement of toll-like receptor 4 …

Reports suggest that microglia play a key role in spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced
neuropathic pain, and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has a substantial role in the activation of …

Introduction Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition. The importance of neuroimmune
interactions in neuropathic pain has been evidenced by the involvement of different immune …