Highlights•Clinical picture generally manifests as “overlap syndrome” and leads to vicious
circle.•Early identification of rising cytokine storm and multilevel course of treatment is …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in
the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; …

The exaggerated immune response induced in the lower respiratory tract against
coronaviruses (CoVs), including CoViD-19 (2019-nCoV), appears to contribute to the …

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the current world health concern,
presenting a public health dilemma with ascending morbidity and mortality rates exceeding …

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in
cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians …

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …

The elevated circulating levels of cytokines associated with a variety of infectious and
immune-mediated conditions are frequently termed a cytokine storm. Here, we explain the …

An excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be a major cause of
disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Longitudinal analysis of cytokine …

The generated impression early at the beginning of the pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 (also
called COVID-19) was that severe COVID-19 is due to a cytokine storm with the over …

Introduction The coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 20 million people so far.
Elevated cytokines and suppressed immune responses have been hypothesized to set off a …