We study various properties of constructive optimization in 3D vascular systems. After some
remarks on existing approaches to vascular modeling and on the theory of vascular …

The computational method of constrained constructive optimization (CCO) has been
generalized in two important respects:(1) arterial model trees are now grown within a …

Computer models of arterial trees can be generated from optimization principles using the
algorithm of constrained constructive optimization (CCO). Up to now this algorithm could …

We present a framework for the construction of vascular systems based on optimality
principles of theoretical physiology. Given the position and flow distribution of end points of a …

The arterial systems in mammals are essentially networks of binary branching trees, made
up of vascular segments. Successive branching gives rise to selfsimilar structures, and …

The computational method of constrained constructive optimization was used to generate
complex arterial model trees by optimization with respect to a target function. Changing the …

There is a marked difference in the structure of the arterial tree between epi-and endocardial
layers of the human heart. To model these structural variations, we developed an extension …

The scaling properties of the portal vein and the hepatic vein are examined, based on three-
dimensional computed tomography images of casts of human livers. In particular, a …

Using the concepts of fractal scaling and constrained constructive optimization (CCO), a
branching tree model, which has physiologically meaningful geometric properties, can be …

Physiologically realistic geometric models of the vasculature in the liver are indispensable
for modelling hepatic blood flow, the main connection between the liver and the organism …