The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for
effective prophylactic vaccination to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory …

Despite remarkable progress in the development and authorization of vaccines against
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a need to validate …

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) threaten the effectiveness of current
COVID-19 vaccines administered intramuscularly and designed to only target the spike …

Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization.
However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory …

Remarkable progress has been made in developing intramuscular vaccines against severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, they are limited with …

SARS-CoV-2 variants that attenuate antibody neutralization could jeopardize vaccine
efficacy. We recently reported the protective activity of an intranasally administered spike …

The efficacy of many coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been shown to
decrease to varying extents against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed great threats to global
health and economy. Several effective vaccines are available now, but additional booster …

Global deployment of an effective and safe vaccine is necessary to curtail the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Current coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines are administered by the intramuscular
route, but this vaccine administration failed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome …