RPL is a proactive protocol based on a distance vector algorithm with robust routing
capability but has baseline security features. These essential security properties can …

Generally, using collective intelligence is one of the interesting topics is researchers of
recent years, which its purpose is modeling creatures' simple behaviors and their interaction …

Technological advancement has increased dramatically in recent years, giving rise to a
range of new ideas. Some examples of these ideas include blockchain, quantum …

The standard firefly algorithm is suffered from three major drawbacks. Firstly, imbalanced
exploration and exploitation due to random initial solution generation. Secondly, the local …

Railway system (RS) is becoming a necessity and one of the popular choices of
transportation among people, especially for business practitioners that operating and people …

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) make them invigorate class of remote correspondence
framework which can change positions in systems and unusual changes in arranging …

Revised 28th May 2017, Accepted 14th Jun 2017, Online 30th Jun 2017 Abstract—There
are different number of optimization problems are present those are NP problems. Graph …

Mimicking natural phenomenon of social insects, such as bird flocks and insect colonies by
merging randomness facility and some other simulation rules, are the core tasks of the …

Particle swarm optimization is a heuristic random optimization algorithm, in which each
particle pursues its own optimal particle and the global optimal position. In the random …

This paper present a new modification to firefly algorithm ie crazy firefly algorithm by
introducing a craziness operator to the existing algorithm to increase the diversity. The firefly …