A major challenge in wireless underground sensor networks is the signal attenuation
originated from multi-environment transmission between underground sensor nodes and the …

Abstract Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) have attracted significant
interest in recent years because of their applications in various fields. The major difference …

Abstract Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) have received attention in the
past years because of their popularity and cost-effectiveness when they are used in many …

Because of highly lossy underground channels and the difficulty in recharging the buried
sensor nodes (SNs), power conservation is a primary objective in the design of wireless …

Achieving a balanced energy and spectral resource utilization is an interesting key design to
extend the lifetime of underground wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) where sensor nodes …

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes located close to the base station or sink are more
susceptible to energy loss, leading to premature disconnection of the network or energy …

Achieving high data rate transmission is critically constrained by green communication
metrics in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A unified metric ensuring a successful …

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) consist of sensors that are buried in and
communicate through soil medium, while the channel quality of WUSNs is greatly impacted …

Wireless sensor networks represent one of the most crucial components of novel
technologies, such as the internet of things and cloud computing. One of the greatest …

Wireless sensor network is a group of nodes combined with tiny sensors equipped with
transceiver parts used for sensing, monitoring, and data collecting in various environments …