Background Many faults occur in the modular multi-level converters (MMCs), including
unbalancing capacitor voltage, lower and upper arm unbalancing, the line to line voltage …

This review focuses on faults in Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for use in high voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems by analyzing the vulnerable spots and failure mechanism …

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have attracted extensive research interests in various
ac and dc conversion applications due to their modular structure and excellent harmonic …

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been one of the most broadly used multilevel
converter topologies in industrial applications, particularly in medium-voltage motor drives …

Modularity and high reliability from redundancy are the two attractive advantages of modular
multilevel converters (MMCs). This paper elaborates a switch open-circuit fault diagnosis …

A software-based method is proposed in this article to enhance the fault-tolerant capability of
modular multilevel converters (MMCs). In the proposed approach, dc bus voltage is …

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is widely used in high and medium voltage
applications. To improve the reliability of the MMC, fast and accurate submodule (SM) fault …

The modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) is a topology that can realize direct ac-to-ac
power conversion. To increase the reliability of the M3C, submodule (SM) fault ride-through …

Modular multilevel cascade converters (MMCCs) are considered a promising power
electronics topology in industry. Their scalability allows to reach (ultra/very) high voltage …

This paper presents a resilient framework for fault-tolerant operation in modular multilevel
converters (MMCs) to facilitate normal operation under internal and external fault conditions …