To tackle the multiple challenges facing the cocoa sector, voluntary sustainability standards
and corporate initiatives, largely focusing on farm and farmer group scale, are often …

In cocoa farming forestland is a production factor. Cocoa planting is easiest and production
costs are lowest in tropical forest. Historically, therefore, once forestland has been …

Ghana, as the second largest global producer of cocoa, is strategically positioned on the
world market. Consumer concerns over ethical and environmental issues associated with …

Given the persistent poor livelihood of cocoa-farming households, future climate predictions
and the worldwide demand pressure for higher cocoa quality and productivity, there is still a …

While an increasing number of large food companies commit themselves to source only
certified cocoa, research on the impacts of certification on cocoa farmers is falling behind …

Achieving a sustainable cocoa economy is beyond the capacity of individual market-led
initiatives and quality certification schemes. In the case of commodity chains like cocoa, due …

Cocoa farming plays a critical economic and social role in Ghana. Cocoa is the country's
second most important export and provides income to a large segment of the Ghanaian …

This paper analyses the changing nature of sustainability initiatives and their capacity to
tackle sustainability challenges, focusing on cocoa in West Africa, and distilling lessons …

This paper reviews the present condition of cocoa growing in West Africa where some six
million ha are planted with cocoa which provide about 70 percent of the total world …

ABSTRACT 'Sustainable cocoa'has attracted considerable attention. However, stakeholders
in cocoa development may differ in their understanding of sustainable cocoa, their interests …