Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to activate and mature proinflammatory
cytokines in the body. Cytokine markers are a group of polypeptide signalling molecules that …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which began in Wuhan, China, in
December 2019, has caused a large global pandemic and poses a serious threat to public …

Clinical evidence indicates that the fatal outcome observed with severe acute respiratory
syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection often results from alveolar injury that impedes airway …

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV
(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity …

Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as the deadliest outbreak that has
now become a serious health issue to mankind. Activation of inflammatory signaling …

A sudden outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in Wuhan,
China in December 2019 quickly grew into a global pandemic, putting at risk not only the …

Background SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 share similar characteristics. For instance, the
genetic homology of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is 80% and …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in
the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; …

The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still not fully unraveled. Though …

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …