Fear conditioning is a popular model for investigating physiological and cellular
mechanisms of memory formation. In this paradigm, a footshock is either systematically …

There is accumulating evidences to suggest that memory consolidation in some conditions
involves two waves of neuronal plastic change. Using two fear conditioning procedures in …

During fear conditioning, animals learn an association between a previously neutral or
conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive or unconditioned stimulus (US). Subsequent …

The adaptive regulation of fear memories is a crucial neural function that prevents
inappropriate fear expression. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear …

Learning processes mediating conditioning and extinction of contextual fear require
activation of several key signaling pathways in the hippocampus. Principal hippocampal …

Extinction of classical fear conditioning is thought to involve activity‐dependent potentiation
of synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), resulting in the inhibition of …

Contextual fear conditioning involves forming a representation for the context and
associating it with a shock, which were attributed by the prevailing view to functions of the …

Over the past few years multiple studies have attempted to uncover molecular signatures of
memory reconsolidation when compared to consolidation. In the present study we used …

After fear conditioning, presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) alone yields a context-
specific extinction memory; fear is suppressed in the extinction context, but renews in any …

The context pre-exposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a modified form of standard contextual
fear conditioning that dissociates learning about the context during a preexposure phase …