Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
challenged medicine and health care on a global scale. Its impact and frightening mortality …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to severe
disease in some cases, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has …

Cytokine storm in COVID-19 infection is an excessive immune response to external stimuli
where the pathogenesis is complex. The disease progresses rapidly and the mortality is …

The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens;
however, dysregulated innate immune responses can induce aberrant inflammation that is …

Patients with COVID-19 who require ICU admission might have the cytokine storm. It is a
state of out-of-control release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines. The molecular …

Background Cytokine storm is caused by the colossal release of proinflammatory cytokines
[eg, IL (interleukin)-2, IL-6, IL-8 TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, etc.] causing dysregulated …

Inflammation is an intrinsic defence mechanism triggered by the immune system against
infection or injury. Chronic inflammation allows the host to recover or adapt through cellular …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the virus severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an unprecedented …

Introduction The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of COVID-19 is associated with the
development of critical illness requiring multi-organ support. Further research is required to …