Background Patients with severe COVID-19 develop a life-threatening hyperinflammatory
response to the virus. Interleukin (IL)-1 or IL-6 inhibitors have been used to treat this patient …

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there was concern in the media that the use of non-
steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly ibuprofen, might exacerbate COVID …

Since the very first cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
infection were identified in China, patients with severe manifestations of COVID-19 have …

More than 2 years into the pandemic, almost 6 million people have died from COVID-19
worldwide. Many people who succumbed to the virus had cytokine storm syndrome, a …

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
are increasingly recognized as being on a continuum of cytokine storm syndromes, with …

Introduction Severe COVID-19 cases have a detrimental hyper-inflammatory host response
and different cytokine-blocking biologic agents were explored to improve outcomes …

Objectives Acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine release syndrome are the
major complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with increased …

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc on global health-care systems and to
claim an increasing number of lives. Although some treatments have shown promise …

Hoffmann-La Roche has announced disappointing results from its much-anticipated phase 3
COVACTA trial of tocilizumab, raising questions about the efficacy of interleukin (IL)-6 …

Spatiotemporal dynamics of interleukin (IL)-6 expression in lymphoid organs influence the
balance between antiviral humoral and cellular adaptive immunity. 1 In particular, cytopathic …