Context There is a great variety of techniques for performing authentication, like the use of
text passwords or smart cards. Some techniques combine others into one, which is known …

In recent years, the development in Information technology has unleashed new challenges
and opportunities for new authentication systems and protocols. Authentication ensures that …

Authentication is process of granting a user access to an information system. There are three
main types of authentication mechanisms–password entry, smart card, and biometric. Each …

As the most prevailing two-factor authentication mechanism, smart-card-based password
authentication has been a subject of intensive research in the past two decades, and …

Multi-Factor authentication (MFA) is a secure process of authentication which requires more
than one authentication technique chosen from independent categories of credentials. Like …

Digital Multifactor authentication is one of the best ways to make secure authentication. It
covers many different areas of a Cyber-connected world, including online payments …

Internet Security is increasingly of concern as more and more cases of identity theft of online
data is reported. Simple login and password authentication for access to sensitive websites …

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication
by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, eg, a code generated by a …

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of modern authentication schemes. We
start with the importance of authentication methods and the different authentication …

BACKGROUND Verifying the identity of a person or group of people, referred to as
authentication, has many uses in the context of computing. People often have multiple user …