The kidneys play a critical homeostatic role in the regulation of body fluid composition and
excretion of waste products. Here I review our understanding of how the three different …

The basic unit of kidney function is the nephron. In the mouse, around 14,000 nephrons form
in a 10-day period extending into early neonatal life, while the human fetus forms the adult …

Summary Recapitulating three-dimensional (3D) structures of complex organs, such as the
kidney, from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a major challenge. Here, we define the …

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. During its organogenesis, the mammalian
metanephric kidney generates thousands of nephrons over a protracted period of fetal life …

The kidney is a complex organ that performs essential functions such as blood filtration and
fluid homeostasis, among others. Recent years have heralded significant advancements in …

Decades of research into the molecular and cellular regulation of kidney morphogenesis in
rodent models, particularly the mouse, has provided both an atlas of the mammalian kidney …

The mammalian kidney, the metanephros, is a mesodermal organ classically regarded as
arising from the intermediate mesoderm (IM). Indeed, both the ureteric bud (UB), which gives …

The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the absence of new treatment
modalities has become a strong driver for innovation in nephrology. An increasing …

Vertebrates form a progressive series of up to three kidney organs during development—the
pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. Each kidney derives from the intermediate …

The kidney is an essential organ that ensures bodily fluid homeostasis and removes soluble
waste products from the organism. Nephrons, the functional units of the kidney, comprise a …