Our perception of the vitamin D system continues to evolve. Recent studies have re-
evaluated the parameters for adequate vitamin D status in humans, revealing a high …

Abstract Knowledge about the ability of vitamin D to function outside its established role in
skeletal homeostasis is not a new phenomenon. Nonclassical immunomodulatory and …

In the last 5 years, there has been a remarkable change in our understanding of the health
benefits of vitamin D. The classical actions of vitamin D as a determinant of mineral …

Vitamin D has well-documented effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism but
recent studies suggest a much broader role for this secosteroid in human health. Key …

The classical functions of vitamin D are to regulate calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and
control bone metabolism. However, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in several …

Accepted: 4 October 2014/Published online: 12 October 2014© Italian Society of
Endocrinology (SIE) 2014 action;(ii) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] concentration …

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is acquired via diet or synthesized in the skin upon UV
exposure and needs subsequent hydroxylation steps to become activated as 1, 25 …

Early studies on vitamin D showed promise that various forms of the “vitamin” may be
protective against chronic disease, yet systematic reviews and longer-term studies have …

An immunomodulatory role for vitamin D was first proposed more than 25 years ago, based
on two salient observations. Firstly it was shown that monocytes/macrophages from patients …

Vitamin D: Volume One: Biochemistry, Physiology and Diagnostics, Fourth Edition, presents
the latest information from international experts in endocrinology, bone biology and human …