OBJECTIVE: The role of women in Western society has changed dramatically in the past
several decades. Despite this, many gender disparities still exist for professionals in the …

Preface The leadership of Women in Neurosurgery (WINS) has been asked by the Board of
Directors of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) to compose a white …

In the past, women in neurosurgery were deemed “less than a minority.” Pioneering women
entered neurosurgical residency programs alone, facing large obstacles to become surgical …

2Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group, Charlottesville, Virginia IN April
2018, Dr. Shelly Timmons assumed the mantle of President of the American Association of …

Objective Historically, women have been underrepresented in medicine but nowadays the
underrepresentation is more applicable to surgical disciplines. Many efforts have been …

Despite advances in issues related to gender equity, barriers to recruiting and retaining
women in neurosurgery continue to exist. At the same time, the overall projected shortage of …

Background Almost one half of currently practicing physicians in Europe are women.
Despite advances in access to training positions and the entry of women into neurosurgery …

Despite the rising percentage of women accessing the medical profession over the last few
decades, surgical specialties are still largely male-dominated; in particular, a remarkable …

OBJECTIVE In 2008, a Women in Neurosurgery Committee white paper called for increased
women applicants and decreased women's attrition in neurosurgery. However, contributing …

OBJECTIVE Gender disparities in neurosurgery have persisted even as the number of
female medical students in many countries has risen. An understanding of the current …