There are now thousands of estimates of phenotypic selection in natural populations,
resulting in multiple synthetic reviews of these data. Here we consider several major lessons …

Studies of phenotypic selection document directional selection in many natural populations.
What factors reduce total directional selection and the cumulative evolutionary responses to …

Selection is a central process in nature. Although our understanding of the strength and form
of selection has increased, a general understanding of the temporal dynamics of selection in …

Although there are many examples of contemporary directional selection, evidence for
responses to selection that match predictions are often missing in quantitative genetic …

Local adaptation, adaptive population divergence and speciation are often expected to
result from populations evolving in response to spatial variation in selection. Yet, we lack a …

We critically review the main approaches for standardizing and comparing selection
differentials and gradients among traits, populations, and species and assess their …

How strong is phenotypic selection on quantitative traits in the wild? We reviewed the
literature from 1984 through 1997 for studies that estimated the strength of linear and …

Directional selection is a major force driving adaptation and evolutionary change. However,
the distribution, strength, and tempo of phenotypic selection acting on quantitative traits in …

The balance of selection acting through different fitness components (eg fecundity, mating
success, survival) determines the potential tempo and trajectory of adaptive evolution. Yet …

The advent of multiple regression analyses of natural selection has facilitated estimates of
both the direct and indirect effects of selection on many traits in numerous organisms …